Câu đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh là chủ điểm ngữ pháp khá là khó và không bao giờ vắng mặt trong đề thi tiếng Anh THPT quốc gia. Khi nắm chắc và sử dụng thành thạo cấu trúc của câu đảo ngữ bạn sẽ dễ dàng cải thiện kỹ năng giao tiếp hoặc chinh phục được điểm số 8+ trong đề thi thực chiến. Dưới đây là kiến thức, cấu trúc câu đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh đã được American Links tổng hợp. Ngoài ra, còn có các bài tập vận dụng để các bạn luyện thi hiệu quả bạn nhé!
Mục lục bài viết
Đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh là gì?
Câu đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh (Inversion) là hình thức đảo ngược vị trí của trạng từ và trợ động từ lên đầu câu, đứng phía trước chủ ngữ nhằm mục đích nhấn mạnh thêm vào tính chất, hành động của chủ ngữ làm tăng tính biểu cảm của câu. Cấu trúc đảo ngữ thường xuất hiện trong văn viết, những loại văn bản mang phong thái trang trọng như bài báo hay tác phẩm văn học.
Ví dụ 1: I met her only once = Only once did I meet her.
- Trạng từ trong câu: Only once
- Trợ động từ quá khứ trong câu: did
Ví dụ 2: They dance well = Well do they dance.
- Trạng từ trong câu: well
- Trợ động từ trong câu: do
Cấu trúc câu đảo ngữ thường gặp trong tiếng Anh
Có rất nhiều cấu trúc đảo ngữ tùy thuộc vào các dạng câu. Dưới đây là các dạng đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh thường hay gặp bạn cần nắm rõ:
1. Đảo ngữ đối với trạng từ chỉ tần suất
Cấu trúc đảo ngữ:
Never/ Seldom/ Rarely/ Little + trợ động từ + S + V
(không bao giờ/ hiếm khi ai đó làm gì)
Ví dụ:
- I have never studied so hard in all my life = Never have I worked so hard in all my life.
- I have rarely studied lazy in all my life = Rarely have I worked so lazy in all my life.
2. Đảo ngữ đối với cấu trúc NO SOONER…THAN = HARDLY…WHEN
Cấu trúc đảo ngữ:
No sooner + trợ động từ + Subject (S) + Verb (V) + than + S + V = Hardly + trợ động từ + S + V + when + S + V
(Ngay sau khi/Không bao lâu sau khi… thì…)
Ví dụ:
- No sooner did I arrive home than my family started eating dinner = Hardly did I arrive home when my family started eating dinner.
- No sooner had Lisa started work than she resigned = Hardly had Lisa started work when she resigned.
3. Đảo ngữ đối với cấu trúc NOT ONLY…BUT ALSO
Cấu trúc đảo ngữ:
Not only + trợ động từ + S + V but S also V
(không chỉ… mà còn)
Ví dụ:
- Not only is she nice but he also plays volleyball well.
- Not only were you late for study, but you had also forgotten the school bag.
4. Đảo ngữ đối với các cụm từ phủ định có “No”
Cấu trúc:
Cụm phủ định có No + trợ động từ + S (subject) + V (verb)
Để áp dụng cấu trúc đảo ngữ trong trường hợp này, bạn cần nhớ các cụm từ vựng tiếng Anh có “No” mang nghĩa phủ định như:
- At no time (chưa từng bao giờ)
- In no way (không còn cách nào)
- On no condition (tuyệt đối không)
- For no reasons = On no account (không có bất cứ lý do gì)
- In no circumstances/ Under (trong bất kì hoàn cảnh nào cũng không)
- No longer (không còn nữa)
- No where (không một nơi nào)
Ví dụ:
- She never goes out with strangers = At no time does she go out with strangers.
- They can’t fix that problem = In no way can they fix that problem.
- They didn’t have to cry that much = On no account did he they that much.
5. Đảo ngữ đối với cấu trúc TILL/ UNTIL
Cấu trúc:
Not till/ until + (S+V)/ time + trợ động từ + Subject (S) + Verb (V)
(Cho đến khi… thì mới…)
Ví dụ:
- Not until 12pm did he finish her report.
- Not till I told him did he realize that he left his file at home.
6. Đảo ngữ đối với So that và Such that
Such + tính từ + Noun (N) + that + S + V
So + tính/trạng từ + trợ động từ + Noun (N) + that + S + V
Ví dụ: Such an interesting movie that I have seen it 2 times = So interesting is this movie that I have seen it 2 times.
Cấu trúc câu đảo ngữ đặc biệt trong tiếng Anh
1. Đảo ngữ đối với câu điều kiện
Câu điều kiện loại 1: Dạng này thường được dùng trong những trường hợp nhờ vả.
Cấu trúc:
Should + S + V, S + will/should/shall/may + V…
Ví dụ: If the weather is nice today, my team will go camping = Should the weather be nice today, my team will go camping.
Câu điều kiên loại 2: Dạng này có thể áp dụng nhằm đưa ra lời khuyên mang tính lịch sự
Cấu trúc:
Were S + to V/ Were S, S + would/might/could + V
Ví dụ: If I were you, I would change my watch. = Were I you, I would change my watch.
Câu điều kiên loại 3: Dạng câu này được dùng khi đưa ra lời khuyên mang tính lịch sự.
Cấu trúc:
Had + S + PII, S + should/would/might have P2
Ví dụ: If Mike had had a map today, he would have found the way home. = Had Mike had a map today, he would have found the way home.
Tìm hiểu thêm: Các loại câu điều kiện
2. Đảo ngữ đối với trạng từ chỉ cách thức
Cấu trúc:
Trạng từ chỉ cách thức + trợ động từ + Subject (S) + Verb (V)
Ví dụ: Beautifully did my father sing. (Bố tôi đã hát rất hay)
3. Đảo ngữ với trạng từ chỉ thời gian
Cấu trúc:
Trạng từ chỉ thời gian + trợ động từ + Subject (S) + Verb (V)
Ví dụ: Very often has my volleyball team tried to do it but we fail. (Đội bóng chuyền của tôi đã cố gắng rất nhiều lần nhưng chúng tôi đều thất bại)
4. Đảo ngữ đối với trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn
Cấu trúc:
Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn + Verb (V) + Subject (S)
Ví dụ: Here comes the summer. (Mùa hè đã tới đây)
5. Đảo ngữ đối với only
- Only one: chỉ một
- Only later: chỉ sau khi
- Only in this way: chỉ bằng cách này
- Only in that way: chỉ bằng cách kia
- Only then + trợ động từ+ Subject (S) + Verb (V): chỉ sau khi
- Only after+ N: chỉ sau khi
- Only by V_ing / N: chỉ bằng cách này/ việc này
- Only when + clause: chỉ khi
- Only with + N: chỉ với
- Only if+ clause: chỉ nếu như
- Only in adv of time/ place: chỉ lúc/ở
- Only …. + trợ động từ + S + V (câu 1 mệnh đề)
- hoặc Only … + S + V + trợ động từ + S + V (câu 2 mệnh đề)
Ví dụ:
- Only one time did I meet Lisa. (Tôi chỉ được gặp Lisa mỗi một lần)
- Only when talking to my brother’s girlfriend did I like her. (Chỉ khi nói chuyện với bạn gái của anh trai tôi mới thích cô ấy)
Bài tập về đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh
Bài tập 1: Viết lại những câu này, sử dụng phép đảo ngữ.
- He is so friendly that he is always talking with everyone in the company.
=> So _________________________________
- John hardly bought a sporty car when he had an accident.
(1) => Hardly _________________________________
(2) => No sooner _________________________________
- The kidnapper ran away.
=> Away _________________________________
- The children could drive a car only when they reached 18.
=> Only when _________________________________
- If he goes to school, he will met his best friend.
=> Should _________________________________
- The man not only is handsome but also is wealthy.
=> Not only _________________________________
- Marry will never accept Tom’s proposal.
=> At no time _________________________________
- Mr. Bean rarely showed his privilege.
=> Rarely _________________________________
- I phone him as soon as I come back home.
(1) => No sooner _________________________________
(2) => Scarcely _________________________________
- If you had followed my instargram, you would see my photos.
=> Had _________________________________
11.Tim dived into the sea last month.
=> Into _________________________________
- If they had money, they would travel around the world.
=> Were _________________________________
- She is such a smart girl that she can caculate quickly.
=> Such _________________________________
- The princess lay on the pretty bed in the castle.
=> On _________________________________
- It was not until she was 18 that she got marriage.
=> Not until _________________________________
- We can only improve our skills by attending workshop.
=> Only _________________________________
- My husband and I are here.
=> Here _________________________________
- She no longer drinks milktea.
=> No _________________________________
- Jim stood outside the door 2 hours ago.
=> Outside _________________________________
- It was not until they were lost of money that they became more careful.
=> Not until _________________________________
Bài tập 2: Viết lại những câu này, sử dụng phép đảo ngữ với NEVER
- Tam had never been so happy before.
=> Never before…………………………………………
- I have never heard such nonsense story!
=> Never……………………………………………………
- He has never seen such a mess in his life.
=> Never in my life…………………………………
- Our salary have never been higher than they are this year.
=> Never…………………………
- The film had never been on air.
=>Never……………………
- I’ve never watch such a horrifying film.
=> Never………………………………………
- My friend has never read Shakespeare’s play.
=> Never……………………………
- I have never seen anyone in my life cute as much as you.
=> Never…………………………
- Tim’ll never forget his ex-girlfriend.
=> Never ………………………………………………………………..
Bài tập 3: Viết lại những câu này, sử dụng đảo ngữ với RARELY, SELDOM OR LITTLE
- One rarely finds good technological equiqment these days.
=>Rarely………………………………………………………
- She has rarely travelled alone.
=> Rarely………………………………
- Public borrowing has seldom been so high.
=> Seldom…………………………………………
- They had seldom participated in such a active event.
=> Seldom…………………………
- The staff little realized that Tony was a secret agent.
=> Little…………………………………………
6. I has seldom eaten anything stranger foods.
=> Seldom……………………………………………
Bài tập 4: Viết lại những câu này, sử dụng phép đảo ngữ với NOT.
- Bill is my friend as well as hers.
=> Not only…………………………………………………
- He not only spent his salary but also spent all saving money for buying an apartment.
=> Not only………………………………………
- Harry not only broke his arm but also injured his shoulder.
=> Not only………………………………………………
- He is both intelligent and good-looking.
=> Not only…………………………………………………………………….
- She is brave and smart.
=> Not only………………………………………………………
- The bus is not only out of date, but it also run slowly.
=> Not……………………………………………………………………………..
- She not only call but also send an email for her parents.
=> Not……………………………………………………………………………..
- Taylor is not only beautiful but also attractive.
=> Not……………………………………………………………………………..
- My brother translated not only fast but also correctly.
=> Not……………………………………………………………………………..
- They are not only skilled at English but also at Korean
=> Not……………………………………………………………………………..
- She not only plays football but also plays badminton.
=> Not…………………………………………………………………
Bài tập 5: Viết lại các câu sau với những từ cho sẵn sao cho nghĩa giống với câu ở trên.
- He had hardly left the house when his mom called.
=> No sooner __________________________________________________ ___
- She had only just finished report when the boss reminded .
=> Hardly __________________________________________________ _____
- He didn’t tidy up his room until his mom came back home.
=> Not until __________________________________________________ ____
4.I only began to see the symptoms of the allergy after several hours.
=> Only __________________________________________________ _______
- A sleeping cat was lying under the bed.
=> Under the bed _________________________________________________
- His sister had rarely been more interested.
=> Rarely____________________________________________ _____________
- The truth was not all made public until later.
=> Only______________________________________________ ____________
- If I had realized good remuneration, I would have accepted the job.
=> Had_______________________________________________ ____________
Đáp án
Bài tập 1:
- So friendly is he that he is always talking with everyone in the company.
- (1) => Hardly had he bought a sporty car when he had an accident.
(2) => No sooner had he bought a sporty car than he had an accident.
- Away ran the kidnapper.
- Only when children reached 18 could they could drive a car.
- Should he go to school, he will met his friend.
- Not only is the man handsome, but he also is wealthy.
- At no time will Marry accept Tom’s proposal.
- Rarely did Mr. Bean show his privilege.
- (1) => No sooner do I come home than I phone him.
(2) => Scarcely do I come home when I phone him.
- Had you followed my instargram, you would see my photos.
- Into the sea Tim dived last month.
- Were they to have money, the would travel arround the world.
- Such is a smart girl that she caculates very quickly.
Hoặc: Such a smart girl is she that she caculates very quickly.
- On the pretty bed in thecatstle lay the princess
- Not until she was 18 did she got marriage.
- Only by attending workshop can we improve our skills.
- Here my husband and I are.
- No longer does she drink milktea.
- Outside the door Jim stood 2 hours ago.
- Not until they were lost of money did they become more careful.
Bài tập 2:
- Never before had Tam been so happy.
- Never have I heard such nonsense story
- Never in his life has he seen such a mess in my life
- Never have our salary been higher than they are this year
- Never before had the film been on air.
- Never have I watched such a horrifying film.
- Never has read Shakespeare’s play.
- 8. Never in my life have I seen anyone as cute as you.
- 9. Never shall Tim forget his ex-girlfriend.
Bài tập 3:
- Rarely does one find good technological equiqment these days
- Rarely has she traveled alone.
- Seldom public borrowing has been so high
- Seldom had they participated in such a active activity.
- 5. Little did the staff realize that Tony was a secret agent
- 6. Seldom has he seldom eaten anything stranger
Bài tập 4:
- Not only is Bill my friend but also hers.
- Not only did he spend all his salary but also spent all saving money for buying an a partment.
- Not only did Harry break his arm but also injured his shoulder
- Not only is he intelligent but also good-looking.
- Not only is she brave but smart as well
- Not only is the bus out of date but it also run slowly.
- Not only do she call but also send an email for her parents.
- Not only is taylor beautiful but also attractive
- Not did My brother translate fast but also correctly.
- Not only are they skilled at English but also at Korean.
- Not only does she play football but also play badminton.
Bài tập 5:
- No sooner had he left the house than his mom called.
- Hardly had she just finished project when the boss reminded.
- Not until his mom came back home did he tidy up his room.
- Only after several hours did I begin to see the symptoms of the allergy.
- Under the bed was lying a sleeping cat
- Rarely had his sister been more interested.
- Only until later was the truth all made public
- Had I realized remuneration, I would have accepted the job.
Chúc các bạn học tập tốt!
Tìm hiểu thêm:
Câu tường thuật trong tiếng Anh
Động từ khuyết thiếu trong tiếng Anh